trade

Trade Regime Breakdowns & Major Shocks — Stand alone

Late Bronze Age collapse

Indus–Mesopotamian decline

Roman contraction

Silk Roads decline

Hanseatic decline

Estado da Índia

Trans-Saharan contraction

Opium Wars

WWI breakdown

Great Depression

Bretton Woods end

1970s oil shocks

COMECON collapse

COVID-19

Russia–Ukraine war

U.S. tariffs (2025)

Severity
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